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Advancing Decision-Making through AI-Human Collaboration: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework
ScienceContested · G 69 / P 72

AI-human collaborative decision-making and how its dynamics and typologies shape decision outcomes

Source article: Advancing Decision-Making through AI-Human Collaboration: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework

Problem

Existing literature on AI-human decision-making was fragmented and lacked integrative frameworks to explain how AI-human dynamics and decision typologies shape outcomes despite increasingly intricate human-AI interplay.

Group Decision and Negotiation
Gain

A systematic review and bibliometric analysis of 627 articles produced a conceptual framework with two dimensions and four paradigms that advances theoretical understanding of hybrid decision-making and provides actionable insights for organizations in AI-driven environments.

Group Decision and Negotiation
Beyond bias: using AI to reduce diagnostic noise and manage novelty in clinical reasoning
HealthContested · G 71 / P 70

AI impact on diagnostic accuracy in clinical reasoning

Source article: Beyond bias: using AI to reduce diagnostic noise and manage novelty in clinical reasoning

Problem

AI struggles to generate novel hypotheses and apply creative, contextual reasoning, limiting its utility in rare disease diagnosis and complex uncertain scenarios.

Diagnosis
Gain

AI reduces unwanted variability in structured pattern recognition tasks such as imaging analysis, improving diagnostic consistency and mitigating noise-driven errors.

Diagnosis
The rapid rise of housefishing: are AI-enhanced property listings helpful – or sinister?
LifestyleContested · G 53 / P 54

AI-enhanced and AI-staged property listing photos shown to prospective homebuyers

Source article: The rapid rise of housefishing: are AI-enhanced property listings helpful – or sinister?

Problem

AI-enhanced listings misrepresent size, condition and layout, leading buyers to waste time viewing homes that do not match the photos.

The Guardian
Gain

AI programs let estate agents quickly and cheaply stage and enhance listing photos to help buyers visualise a property's potential.

The Guardian
Is the most popular song played on Australian radio stations the product of generative AI?
Media & ArtsContested · G 55 / P 52

AI-generated cover of Like a Prayer achieving No 1 radio airplay and commercial streaming success

Source article: Is the most popular song played on Australian radio stations the product of generative AI?

Problem

AI-generated cover topping radio airplay raises worrying questions about valuing human expression and diverts streaming and radio royalties while training on artists' work.

The Guardian
Gain

Producer used generative AI as a tool to create a cover that provided listeners with good music and achieved 35m Spotify streams and No 1 on the National Radio Airplay chart.

The Guardian
Federated Machine Learning
ScienceContested · G 75 / P 73

secure federated learning to overcome isolated data and privacy constraints while enabling shared knowledge

Source article: Federated Machine Learning

Problem

AI progress is blocked because industry data remains in isolated islands and privacy and security constraints are strengthening.

Security and Communication Networks
Gain

Secure federated learning allows organizations to build data networks and share knowledge without compromising user privacy.

ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology
Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networks
SciencePositive state · G 71 / P 65

sequential learning in deep neural networks without forgetting previous tasks

Source article: Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networks

Problem

Deep neural networks are unable to learn multiple tasks sequentially, suffering catastrophic forgetting when trained on new tasks.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Gain

Protecting weights important for previous tasks enables deep neural networks to be trained sequentially and achieve state-of-the-art results on multiple reinforcement learning problems experienced sequentially.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
XAI-driven Data Mining for Self-defending IoT Systems: Enhancing Cybersecurity Transparency in the Age of Smart Cities
CrimeContested · G 73 / P 74

XAI-driven data mining for IoT cybersecurity in smart city infrastructure

Source article: XAI-driven Data Mining for Self-defending IoT Systems: Enhancing Cybersecurity Transparency in the Age of Smart Cities

Problem

Traditional and opaque AI security mechanisms are inadequate for protecting interconnected urban IoT infrastructures, facing challenges of data privacy, scalability, computational constraints, and limited interpretability.

Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy
Gain

XAI-driven data mining applied to IoT ecosystems can detect anomalies and support automated security decisions through transparent and interpretable reasoning for smart city infrastructure.

Cognitive Computation
How Generative AI Empowers Attackers and Defenders Across the Trust & Safety Landscape
CrimeContested · G 67 / P 68

generative AI impact on scale and handling of harmful content in Trust & Safety

Source article: How Generative AI Empowers Attackers and Defenders Across the Trust & Safety Landscape

Problem

Generative AI increases the scale and speed of Trust and Safety attacks and lowers barriers to creating sophisticated propaganda and deepfakes.

Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Gain

Trust and Safety defenders can use generative AI to detect and mitigate harmful content at scale and support investigations and moderator wellbeing.

Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
AI-driven multimodal retinal imaging for early detection and risk stratification of vascular and neurodegenerative diseases
HealthContested · G 69 / P 68

AI-assisted multimodal retinal imaging for early detection and risk stratification of systemic vascular and neurodegenerative diseases

Source article: AI-driven multimodal retinal imaging for early detection and risk stratification of vascular and neurodegenerative diseases

Problem

AI-assisted retinal analysis faces implementation hurdles including lack of multicenter validation, need for prospective clinical trials, and unresolved data fusion and regulatory requirements.

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
Gain

AI combined with multimodal retinal imaging provides a non-invasive method for early risk stratification and screening for cardiovascular, metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders using retinal vasculature and nerve layer changes.

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
Evolving surgical teams in the age of artificial intelligence and robotics
HealthContested · G 71 / P 73

AI and robotics integration in the operating room affecting surgical teams and patient outcomes

Source article: Evolving surgical teams in the age of artificial intelligence and robotics

Problem

AI integration in surgery risks liability gaps from diluted authority chains and bias that exacerbates health inequalities, compounded by concentration of research in resource-rich nations.

Frontiers in Science
Gain

AI systems in the operating room using multimodal data from patients, teams, robots and environment to provide situational awareness and intraoperative decision-making that optimizes surgical actions.

Frontiers in Science
Human-AI co-creation or conflict? Mapping art students’ diverse perspectives on creative identity with genAI: A Q methodology study
EducationContested · G 68 / P 68

collaborating with generative AI for creative work and its impact on art students' creative identity and authorship

Source article: Human-AI co-creation or conflict? Mapping art students’ diverse perspectives on creative identity with genAI: A Q methodology study

Problem

Art students classified as authorship guardians and conflicted co-creators report resistance to AI co-authorship and struggles with ownership, disclosure, authenticity, and earned pride when collaborating with generative AI.

Education and Information Technologies
Gain

Art students classified as enthusiastic explorers and human-centered directors report using generative AI as a controllable tool that enables novel expression and co-agency in creative work.

Education and Information Technologies
Opportunities and Challenges in Using National EHR Networks for AI in Learning Health Systems
HealthContested · G 73 / P 70

development and local deployment of trustworthy ML/AI models using US national EHR networks for learning health systems

Source article: Opportunities and Challenges in Using National EHR Networks for AI in Learning Health Systems

Problem

National EHR networks currently function primarily as research platforms, with few ML/AI models prospectively evaluated or integrated into workflows due to heterogeneous capture, privacy constraints, limited representativeness, and need for local recalibration.

Learning Health Systems
Gain

National EHR networks covering up to more than 200 million patients can support learning health systems by enabling large-scale aggregation and benchmarking for ML/AI development.

Learning Health Systems
Machine learning applications in sport: a scoping review
SportsContested · G 82 / P 79

machine learning applications for sport performance, injury prevention, and decision-making for athletes and coaches

Source article: Machine learning applications in sport: a scoping review

Problem

Practical utility of machine learning in sport was often limited by issues of data quality, interpretability, and accessibility for end users such as athletes and coaches.

Sensors
Gain

Machine learning models demonstrated promising accuracy for sport applications including action recognition, injury prediction and prevention, and athlete selection, offering opportunities for performance enhancement and decision-making.

Scientific Reports
Exploring Students’ Perceptions and Usage of Artificial Intelligence in Supporting Mental Health: A Preliminary Study in Higher Education in Qatar
HealthNegative state · G 72 / P 78

AI-based mental health tools for university students in Qatar for stress management and support

Source article: Exploring Students’ Perceptions and Usage of Artificial Intelligence in Supporting Mental Health: A Preliminary Study in Higher Education in Qatar

Problem

Students in Qatar reported low-to-moderate trust in AI-based mental health tools and concerns about loss of human interaction, overreliance on technology, and diagnostic accuracy.

Healthcare
Gain

University students in Qatar reported willingness to use AI-based mental health tools for stress management as a complement to human care, valuing lower cost and round-the-clock access.

Healthcare