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Smart elections or rigged algorithms: the rise of artificial intelligence in electoral governance in Southeast Asia

Introduction Introducing Artificial Intelligence AI into electoral-management infrastructure has radically transformed the administrative practice in Southeast Asian democracies through streamlining voter registration, consolidating identification, and making the real-time observation of the electoral events possible. Although the benefits of AI are undoubtedly tangible in terms of efficiency, transparency, and accessibility, its appearance in contexts where such regulatory sanitation is antithetical presents sh…

Frontiers in Political Science · Policy

Smart elections or rigged algorithms: the rise of artificial intelligence in electoral governance in Southeast Asia

Evidence-backed problem

Deepfakes and the Geneva Conventions: Does Deceptive AI-Generated Misinformation Directed at an Enemy During Armed Conflict Violate International Humanitarian Law? A Critical Discussion

‘Deepfakes’ and other forms of digital communications disinformation are now on the virtual frontlines of many armed conflicts. Military commanders can potentially gain significant tactical advantages by misleading enemy forces, opposing governments, and civilian populations into believing X when Y is the true state of affairs. Distinct from military propaganda, deliberate deceptions and subterfuge have long been part of warfare. However, a powerful claim is advanced that deepfakes such as announcing surrender,…

Policy

Evidence-backed problem

Disinformation, AI and regulation in Ecuador’s 2025 presidential election

Introduction This research analyses Ecuadorians’ perceptions of the use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in the dissemination of disinformation during the 2025 presidential elections. In light of the growing use of synthetic technologies in political campaigns, it examines the impact of AI on electoral integrity, public trust and the need for regulation. Methodology Mixed explanatory approach, based on two surveys ( n = 201 and n = 64), nine semi-structured interviews with experts after the elections,…

Policy

Evidence-backed problem

"That's another doom I haven't thought about": A User Study on AI Labels as a Safeguard Against Image-Based Misinformation

As generative AI is increasingly contributing to the spread of deceptively realistic misinformation, lawmakers have introduced regulations requiring the disclosure of AI-generated content. However, it is unclear if labels reduce the risk of users falling for AI-generated misinformation. To address this research gap, we study the effect of labels on users’ perception and the implications of mislabeling, focusing on AI-generated images. We first explored users’ opinions and expectations of labels using five focus…

Policy

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Is Richard Tice’s picture AI-manipulated? Here are five giveaways

*** After Richard Tice posted a picture of an apparent Reform campaign event on Sunday, experts and social media detectives took a closer look and concluded from a variety of telltale signs that the image had either been edited or generated by artificial intelligence. Here are some of the elements that critics called into question. *** 1. Mangled fingers One woman has six fingers on one hand and extra long ones on the other. The man in the beige jacket has three extremely long fingers which look like sausages. A…

Policy

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Party Equalization or Normalization Through Visual Generative AI in the 2025 German Federal Election

This study examines whether visual generative artificial intelligence (VGenAI) serves as an equalizing force for minor parties or reinforces existing power asymmetries in political communication. Drawing on equalization and normalization theory, we investigate party differences in VGenAI adoption, content strategies, and user engagement during the 2025 German federal election. Using a semi-automated AI detection method combining automated classification with manual validation, we analyzed Facebook and Instagram…

Policy