aceFrom Divergent Guidelines to Delphi-Ready Items: Tutorial for Large Language Model-Assisted Guideline Harmonization Using Penile Cancer as a Worked Example
Background: Clinical practice guidelines are central instruments of evidence-based care; yet, in many domains, particularly rare or complex diseases, multiple guidelines coexist and frequently offer conflicting advice. Existing strategies for resolving such divergences are often labor-intensive, opaque, and insufficiently reproducible. Objective: This tutorial aimed to develop and demonstrate a reproducible workflow for transforming divergent clinical guideline recommendations and literature-derived white areas…
An LLM-assisted workflow condensed 157 recommendations from 5 penile cancer guidelines into 68 harmonized items and flagged where guidelines diverge, making consensus preparation more reproducible.
The method was demonstrated on a single disease as a worked example, and its output is only candidate items awaiting clinical consensus voting, so clinical impact is not yet shown.
Evidence
- Peer-reviewedJournal of Medical Internet Research2026-10-20
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Truvace Impact Record TRV-2026-2170, v1: “From Divergent Guidelines to Delphi-Ready Items: Tutorial for Large Language Model-Assisted Guideline Harmonization Using Penile Cancer as a Worked Example.” Truvace, 2026-10-22. /record/TRV-2026-2170 (accessed at citation time). sha256 eecce01bf7885788…
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