Artificial Intelligence Adoption in SMEs: Survey Based on TOE–DOI Framework, Primary Methodology and Challenges
Despite the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI), small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) continue to face significant challenges in its effective adoption. While prior studies have emphasized strategic benefits and readiness models, there remains a lack of operational guidance tailored to SME realities—particularly regarding implementation barriers, resource constraints, and emerging demands for responsible AI use. This study presents an analysis of AI adoption in SMEs by integrating the t…
A structured six-phase roadmap methodology guides SMEs through AI adoption by pairing each barrier with actionable, context-sensitive solutions and incorporating responsible AI governance and open-weight LLMs.
Small and medium-sized enterprises continue to face significant challenges in effective AI adoption, with ten critical barriers across technology, organization, and environment including data access, skill shortages, cultural resistance, infrastructure limitations, and weak governance.
The proposed six-phase roadmap is conceptual and has not been validated through field data, limiting evidence of effectiveness in real SME settings.
Evidence
- Peer-reviewedApplied Sciences2025-06-09
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Truvace Impact Record TRV-2026-0500, v1: “Artificial Intelligence Adoption in SMEs: Survey Based on TOE–DOI Framework, Primary Methodology and Challenges.” Truvace, 2026-07-22. /record/TRV-2026-0500 (accessed at citation time). sha256 82511918d2b33f24…
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