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The development of cyber threats related to the use of AI
CrimeBoth readings

The development of cyber threats related to the use of AI

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) means that its role in cyberspace is also growing, both in terms of threats and defence against them. AI supports the automation of anomaly detection, data analysis, and incident response, which enhances protection efficiency. However, cybercriminals use AI-based solutions to create sophisticated attack tools, such as advanced phishing schemes, deepfakes, and hard-to-detect malware. The author analyses the role of AI in generating cyber threats and evaluates…

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Model Context Protocol (MCP) at First Glance: Studying the Security and Maintainability of MCP Servers
Both readings

Model Context Protocol (MCP) at First Glance: Studying the Security and Maintainability of MCP Servers

Although Foundation Models (FMs), such as GPT-4, are increasingly used in domains like finance and software engineering, reliance on textual interfaces limits these models’ real-world interaction. To address this, FM providers introduced tool calling—triggering a proliferation of frameworks with distinct tool interfaces. In late 2024, Anthropic introduced the Model Context Protocol (MCP) to standardize this tool ecosystem. With SDK downloads surpassing twenty five million per week and 86% of enterprises using mo…

Beyond Generative Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Artificial Intelligence Paradigms, Explainability Challenges, Ethical Risks, and Future Directions
Evidence-backed problem

Beyond Generative Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Artificial Intelligence Paradigms, Explainability Challenges, Ethical Risks, and Future Directions

The artificial intelligence landscape has undergone a profound transformation from narrow, task-specific automation to sophisticated, multi-paradigm systems capable of autonomous reasoning, emotional understanding, and creative generation. This systematic literature review synthesizes 141 peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2026 to map the evolution of AI paradigms beyond the dominant Generative AI breakthrough. Following PRISMA guidelines, we analyzed 4,250 initial records across six major academic…

Handling The Crime of Manipulating Children's Photos That Violate The Morality of Studies at The Cirebon City Police
Evidence-backed problem

Handling The Crime of Manipulating Children's Photos That Violate The Morality of Studies at The Cirebon City Police

Background. The development of information technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has given rise to various forms of cybercrime, one of which is the criminal act of manipulating indecent images of children. Aims. This study aims to identify the modus operandi and the handling of criminal acts involving the manipulation of indecent images of children by the police. The research method employed is normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The data were obtained through a liter…

Investment fraud in UK soared to more than £220m lost last year, trade body says
Evidence-backed problem

Investment fraud in UK soared to more than £220m lost last year, trade body says

Increasingly elaborate investment scams involving gold, cryptocurrencies and wine have soared in the past year with more than £220m lost to the fraud, according to a report. UK banks reported almost 15,000 investment scams in 2025 as criminals use artificial intelligence to dupe people out of their money. About £221.5m was lost to scams in which people were persuaded to move their money to a fake investment or a fictitious fund, a rise of 40% from the year before, according to the report from UK Finance. This parti

Crime

AI scams drove UK reports of fraud to record 444,000 last year

Criminals are increasingly exploiting AI technology to take over people’s mobile, banking and online shopping accounts, the UK’s leading anti-fraud body has warned. Last year, a record number of scams were reported to the national fraud database, fuelled by AI, which allows for large-scale deception on “industrialised” levels, according to Cifas, the fraud prevention organisation. Its report showed 444,000 cases of fraud were reported by its members last year – a 6% increase on 2024. The tactics of criminals are sh

AI scams drove UK reports of fraud to record 444,000 last year
Crime

AI chatbot fraud: the ‘gift card’ subcription that may cost you dear

David Duggan* was so impressed with the ability of the Claude chatbot to answer medical questions and organise family life, that a $20-a-month (£15) subscription seemed like money well spent. But then his wife spotted two $200 payments on his credit card bill for gift cards to use the artificial intelligence tool. Duggan, who lives on the east coast of the US, had not bought them, and immediately realised something was wrong. “My wife asked me: ‘Hey, did you make these $200 purchases?’ It was $400 in total. And the

AI chatbot fraud: the ‘gift card’ subcription that may cost you dear