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Evidence-backed problem

AI-driven financial fraud: key risks and legal protections for financial institutions

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) has become integral to financial institutions operations. Implementing AI allowed significant improvement in service quality and enabled innovative customer solutions. At the same time, with all the advantages and positive aspects of using AI, it also creates additional risks, depending on who and for what it is used. In the hands of fraudsters, AI becomes a tool with which financial institutions and their clients are causing significant damage, and not only financial. At th…

Journal of Banking Regulation · Crime

AI-driven financial fraud: key risks and legal protections for financial institutions

Evidence-backed gain

Financial fraud detection through the application of machine learning techniques: a literature review

Financial fraud negatively impacts organizational administrative processes, particularly affecting owners and/or investors seeking to maximize their profits. Addressing this issue, this study presents a literature review on financial fraud detection through machine learning techniques. The PRISMA and Kitchenham methods were applied, and 104 articles published between 2012 and 2023 were examined. These articles were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and were obtained from databases suc…

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<b>NEURAL NETWORKS FOR REAL-TIME FINANCIAL FRAUD DETECTION</b>

The accelerating digitalization of financial services has transformed fraud into a systemic global threat, with annual losses estimated at $485.6 billion in 2023 alone — losses that conventional rule-based and statistical detection methods have proven structurally incapable of containing. This article presents a narrative literature review examining how neural network architectures are redefining real-time fraud detection in financial systems. The review covers the theoretical and epistemological foundations of…

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XAI-driven Data Mining for Self-defending IoT Systems: Enhancing Cybersecurity Transparency in the Age of Smart Cities

The rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in smart cities, healthcare, and industrial automation has intensified the need for cybersecurity frameworks capable of operating at scale and in real time under increasingly sophisticated threat conditions. Traditional security mechanisms and opaque AI-based models are no longer adequate for protecting interconnected urban infrastructures, especially as regulatory and societal expectations move toward transparency and accountability. Although prior su…

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The development of cyber threats related to the use of AI

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) means that its role in cyberspace is also growing, both in terms of threats and defence against them. AI supports the automation of anomaly detection, data analysis, and incident response, which enhances protection efficiency. However, cybercriminals use AI-based solutions to create sophisticated attack tools, such as advanced phishing schemes, deepfakes, and hard-to-detect malware. The author analyses the role of AI in generating cyber threats and evaluates…

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How Generative AI Empowers Attackers and Defenders Across the Trust & Safety Landscape

Generative AI (GenAI) is a powerful technology poised to reshape Trust & Safety. While misuse by attackers is a growing concern, its defensive capacity remains underexplored. This paper examines these effects through a qualitative study with 43 Trust & Safety experts across five domains: child safety, election integrity, hate and harassment, scams, and violent extremism. Our findings characterize a landscape in which GenAI empowers both attackers and defenders. GenAI dramatically increases the scale and speed of…

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Human Detection of Voice-Cloned Speech Under GSM, VoLTE and VoIP Conditions

The rapid progress of generative speech synthesis and voice-cloning technologies has enabled the creation of highly natural synthetic voices that pose a serious threat to telecommunication security. While most prior studies evaluate human ability to detect audio deepfakes using high-quality, studio-grade recordings, little is known about how real-world telecommunication channels affect perceptual detection. This study investigates the influence of three transmission scenarios—GSM (AMR-NB), VoLTE (AMR-WB), and Vo…

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Human detection of AI-generated faces and voices is not domain-general

Recent technological advances have resulted in synthetic faces and voices being perceptually indistinguishable from real faces and voices in typical populations. Faces and voices possess rich personal and social information, meaning synthetic faces and voices, commonly known as "deepfakes" can be used for identity theft, financial fraud, and misinformation campaigns. It is currently unknown whether detection of real versus synthetic content is modality-specific, or whether it generalizes across sensory domains.…

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Model Context Protocol (MCP) at First Glance: Studying the Security and Maintainability of MCP Servers

Although Foundation Models (FMs), such as GPT-4, are increasingly used in domains like finance and software engineering, reliance on textual interfaces limits these models’ real-world interaction. To address this, FM providers introduced tool calling—triggering a proliferation of frameworks with distinct tool interfaces. In late 2024, Anthropic introduced the Model Context Protocol (MCP) to standardize this tool ecosystem. With SDK downloads surpassing twenty five million per week and 86% of enterprises using mo…

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Model Context Protocol (MCP) at First Glance: Studying the Security and Maintainability of MCP Servers

Beyond Generative Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Artificial Intelligence Paradigms, Explainability Challenges, Ethical Risks, and Future Directions

The artificial intelligence landscape has undergone a profound transformation from narrow, task-specific automation to sophisticated, multi-paradigm systems capable of autonomous reasoning, emotional understanding, and creative generation. This systematic literature review synthesizes 141 peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2026 to map the evolution of AI paradigms beyond the dominant Generative AI breakthrough. Following PRISMA guidelines, we analyzed 4,250 initial records across six major academic…

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Beyond Generative Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Artificial Intelligence Paradigms, Explainability Challenges, Ethical Risks, and Future Directions

Handling The Crime of Manipulating Children's Photos That Violate The Morality of Studies at The Cirebon City Police

Background. The development of information technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has given rise to various forms of cybercrime, one of which is the criminal act of manipulating indecent images of children. Aims. This study aims to identify the modus operandi and the handling of criminal acts involving the manipulation of indecent images of children by the police. The research method employed is normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The data were obtained through a liter…

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Investment fraud in UK soared to more than £220m lost last year, trade body says

Increasingly elaborate investment scams involving gold, cryptocurrencies and wine have soared in the past year with more than £220m lost to the fraud, according to a report. UK banks reported almost 15,000 investment scams in 2025 as criminals use artificial intelligence to dupe people out of their money. About £221.5m was lost to scams in which people were persuaded to move their money to a fake investment or a fictitious fund, a rise of 40% from the year before, according to the report from UK Finance. This parti

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Investment fraud in UK soared to more than £220m lost last year, trade body says

AI scams drove UK reports of fraud to record 444,000 last year

Criminals are increasingly exploiting AI technology to take over people’s mobile, banking and online shopping accounts, the UK’s leading anti-fraud body has warned. Last year, a record number of scams were reported to the national fraud database, fuelled by AI, which allows for large-scale deception on “industrialised” levels, according to Cifas, the fraud prevention organisation. Its report showed 444,000 cases of fraud were reported by its members last year – a 6% increase on 2024. The tactics of criminals are sh

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AI scams drove UK reports of fraud to record 444,000 last year

AI chatbot fraud: the ‘gift card’ subcription that may cost you dear

David Duggan* was so impressed with the ability of the Claude chatbot to answer medical questions and organise family life, that a $20-a-month (£15) subscription seemed like money well spent. But then his wife spotted two $200 payments on his credit card bill for gift cards to use the artificial intelligence tool. Duggan, who lives on the east coast of the US, had not bought them, and immediately realised something was wrong. “My wife asked me: ‘Hey, did you make these $200 purchases?’ It was $400 in total. And the

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AI chatbot fraud: the ‘gift card’ subcription that may cost you dear

Police AI chief admits crime-fighting tech will have bias but vows to tackle it

Exclusive: NCA’s Alex Murray says he hopes new £115m police AI centre can limit unfairness found in tools

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