All stories

1382 published stories · page 52 of 93

The FERM guild: a differentially correlated microbial module drives hypertension via metabolic flux perturbations
Evidence-backed gain

The FERM guild: a differentially correlated microbial module drives hypertension via metabolic flux perturbations

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, with changes in gut microbiota composition and function being closely associated with its onset and progression. However, the high inter-individual variability in gut microbiota complicates the identification of pathogenic mechanisms using traditional methods. In contrast, the smaller variability in gut microbial metabolites offers a more reliable and consistent basis for cross-individual comparisons. Parsimonious flux balance analysis (pFBA), inte…

SolenopsisDetector: development of an automatic detection system for fire ants using computer vision and deep learning
Evidence-backed gain

SolenopsisDetector: development of an automatic detection system for fire ants using computer vision and deep learning

Fire ants (Solenopsis spp. Westwood) pose a major ecological and economic threat, mainly due to the invasive potential of certain species. Current identification methods are highly dependent on taxonomic expertise, which can slow down decision-making. The development of an automated detection system could therefore support the identification process. We present SolenopsisDetector (SolenopD), an automated system for identifying Solenopsis ants using computer vision and deep learning. Following taxonomic practice,…

Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence based chatbots in reporting jaw lesions from multimodal radiographic images: A cross-sectional study
Both readings

Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence based chatbots in reporting jaw lesions from multimodal radiographic images: A cross-sectional study

Objectives The current study aimed to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of commonly utilized chatbots including Gemini, Copilot, Claude, and specialized architectures like Manus in the detection and differential diagnosis of various jaw lesions, while concurrently evaluating the clinical safety and fidelity of the information they provide. Materials and methods Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) dataset from 97 patients presented with jaw lesions were collected and anonymized. Panoramic 2D views were reconstruc…

Long-term prediction of epilepsy following traumatic brain injury among veterans using routine clinical data
Evidence-backed gain

Long-term prediction of epilepsy following traumatic brain injury among veterans using routine clinical data

Objective Despite elevated risk for epilepsy following traumatic brain injury (TBI), there are limited tools to assess epilepsy risk following TBI using routine clinical data. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a machine learning approach to predict the onset of posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) over varying time horizons following TBI, using only routine clinical data collected up to the month of TBI documentation. Methods This retrospective longitudinal cohort study included post-9/11 US vetera…

Health

AI-Assisted Electrocardiogram Interpretation Improves ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Diagnostic Accuracy Among Advanced Practice Providers: A Prospective Randomized Crossover Study

Timely and accurate diagnosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is critical in military operational environments where evacuation may be delayed. Although artificial intelligence (AI) electrocardiogram (ECG) tools have demonstrated high diagnostic performance, their effectiveness among advanced practice providers (APPs) remains untested. This study evaluated whether AI-ECG interpretation by Queen of Hearts (QoH) AI software by PMcardio improves STEMI diagnostic accuracy, clinician confidence, and tim…

AI-Assisted Electrocardiogram Interpretation Improves ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Diagnostic Accuracy Among Advanced Practice Providers: A Prospective Randomized Crossover Study
Health

Prognostic risk modeling based on integrated multi-omics analysis identifies CRY2 as a key regulator in tumor immunity and patient survival in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibits substantial metabolic heterogeneity. This study developed a robust prognostic signature integrating ferroptosis- and lipid metabolism-related genes to investigate the role of CRY2 in CRC progression. Transcriptomic and clinical data from the TCGA-COAD and GSE39582 cohorts were analyzed. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify disease-associated gene modules. A machine learning framework was subsequently applied to construct and optimize the…

Prognostic risk modeling based on integrated multi-omics analysis identifies CRY2 as a key regulator in tumor immunity and patient survival in colorectal cancer
Health

Trustworthy artificial intelligence for rural health care

Regional, rural and remote Australians experience poorer health outcomes and substantially higher rates of suicide and self-harm than those in major cities. Artificial intelligence could support earlier identification of distress, safer triage and more timely care alongside telehealth and clinical decision support, but only if it is treated as a health intervention with explicit safety nets and independent evaluation. We propose a minimum viable governance model, including Indigenous partnership, language safety…

Trustworthy artificial intelligence for rural health care
Policy

Artificial intelligence, work, and structural inequality: Why human-centric AI requires institutional architecture, not just ethics

BackgroundThe rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into labour markets, migration governance, and social protection systems is increasingly reshaping how institutional decisions are produced, delegated, and enforced. While human-centric and ethics-based AI frameworks have established important normative principles, concerns regarding inequality, opacity, and accountability in AI-mediated decision-making continue to persist across labour-related environments.ObjectiveThis article examines why ethical…

Artificial intelligence, work, and structural inequality: Why human-centric AI requires institutional architecture, not just ethics
Health

Mapping the Evolving AI Preferences and Care Needs in Orthopedic Transitional Care From Hospitals to Home: Cross-Sectional Study

Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols have shortened orthopedic hospital stays but have shifted rehabilitation and safety-monitoring tasks to patients and families after discharge. In this study, AI refers to patient-facing digital systems for orthopedic transitional care, including large language model chatbots, computer vision or platform-based monitoring tools, and wearable sensor-enabled systems for education, rehabilitation guidance, motion correction, and risk alerts. However, patient-reported preferen…

Mapping the Evolving AI Preferences and Care Needs in Orthopedic Transitional Care From Hospitals to Home: Cross-Sectional Study
Education

A scoping review of AI-mediated informal language learning: Mapping out the terrain and identifying future directions

Abstract This scoping review directs attention to artificial intelligence–mediated informal language learning (AI-ILL), defined as autonomous, self-directed, out-of-class second and foreign language (L2) learning practices involving AI tools. Through analysis of 65 empirical studies published up to mid-April 2025, it maps the landscape of this emerging field and identifies the key antecedents and outcomes. Findings revealed a nascent field characterized by exponential growth following ChatGPT’s release, geograph…

A scoping review of AI-mediated informal language learning: Mapping out the terrain and identifying future directions
Health

Between the hype and harm: does artificial intelligence in health offer solace or further exclusion for marginalised populations in Sub-Saharan Africa? A scoping review

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into healthcare systems and has the potential to improve health outcomes. In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), however, concerns remain that AI may either reduce or exacerbate existing health inequities depending on how it is developed, governed, and implemented. This scoping review aimed to map and synthesise the existing evidence on the implications of AI for health equity among marginalised populations in Sub-Saharan Africa. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus,…

Between the hype and harm: does artificial intelligence in health offer solace or further exclusion for marginalised populations in Sub-Saharan Africa? A scoping review