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Guideline Concordance of ChatGPT-Generated Responses on Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Endodontics
HealthNegative state · G 67 / P 73

ChatGPT-5 guideline concordance for antibiotic prophylaxis in endodontics

Source article: Guideline Concordance of ChatGPT-Generated Responses on Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Endodontics

Problem

ChatGPT-5 unnecessarily expanded prophylactic indications in 4 scenarios and disagreed with guidelines in 3 scenarios involving immunocompromised patients, creating educational risk for inappropriate antibiotic prescribing.

Journal of Dental Education
Gain

ChatGPT-5 provided fully guideline-concordant answers in 10 of 17 endodontic antibiotic prophylaxis scenarios, performing best on classic teaching topics like infective endocarditis prophylaxis and antibiotic selection, dosage, and timing.

Journal of Dental Education
Parental Attachment Anxiety and Adolescents' Authentic Self-Disclosure to Generative AI: The Roles of Rumination, Depression, and Gender
HealthContested · G 68 / P 69

authentic self-disclosure to generative AI among adolescents with parental attachment anxiety mediated by rumination and depression

Source article: Parental Attachment Anxiety and Adolescents' Authentic Self-Disclosure to Generative AI: The Roles of Rumination, Depression, and Gender

Problem

Adolescents with higher parental attachment anxiety experienced greater rumination and depression, which were associated with increased authentic self-disclosure to generative AI, with stronger rumination-to-depression links among girls.

Health Communication
Gain

Adolescents with higher rumination and depression showed greater authentic self-disclosure to generative AI, indicating GenAI is being used as an outlet for personal disclosure.

Health Communication
Using generative AI to draft fillable study guides for introductory biology: a practical instructor workflow
EducationContested · G 70 / P 74

using generative AI to draft fillable study guides for introductory biology exam preparation

Source article: Using generative AI to draft fillable study guides for introductory biology: a practical instructor workflow

Problem

AI-generated study guide drafts require careful instructor review and revision for scientific accuracy, course alignment, clarity, cognitive level, and usability before student use.

Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
Gain

Instructors using generative AI to draft fillable study guides for introductory biology can reduce drafting time and get help organizing content and creating alternative question formats.

Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
Assessing the accuracy and usability of artificial intelligence-based language models in responding to common periodontal patient questions
HealthNegative state · G 67 / P 73

LLM responses to common periodontal patient questions

Source article: Assessing the accuracy and usability of artificial intelligence-based language models in responding to common periodontal patient questions

Problem

LLMs answering periodontal questions perform significantly worse in Persian than English and often produce explanations too technical for average patients, lacking clinical nuance for personalized risk assessment.

Clinical Advances in Periodontics
Gain

Advanced LLMs like ChatGPT-4.5 can provide accurate, comprehensive periodontal information to patients seeking quick answers to common gum disease questions.

Clinical Advances in Periodontics
Europe Proposes a New Test for Big Tech: Prove Children Are Safe by Design
PolicyContested · G 58 / P 56

AI companions and addictive design features affecting children and proposed safety-by-design obligations

Source article: Europe Proposes a New Test for Big Tech: Prove Children Are Safe by Design

Problem

AI companions that create emotional dependency are identified as a design risk to children that may require regulatory curbs.

Devdiscourse
Gain

Proposed EU KIDS Act would require the biggest digital platforms to prove child safety is built into design, including curbs on addictive features and AI companions.

Devdiscourse
Artists boycotted this portrait prize over AI entries. Now they’re back to take them on
Media & ArtsContested · G 55 / P 54

use of generative AI to create entries for the Brisbane portrait prize

Source article: Artists boycotted this portrait prize over AI entries. Now they’re back to take them on

Problem

Artists argued that allowing AI-generated entries devalues art as lacking cultural content and risks encouraging harvesting of First Nations cultural IP.

The Guardian
Gain

Artist Jackie Ryan used generative AI software to produce elements of a portrait that became a finalist in the Brisbane portrait prize after the prize opened to declared AI works.

The Guardian
Constructing Legal Knowledge Graphs and Tracing Bias in Medical Artificial Intelligence Based on Graph Neural Networks
HealthContested · G 72 / P 72

bias tracing and legal compliance analysis for medical AI using graph neural networks

Source article: Constructing Legal Knowledge Graphs and Tracing Bias in Medical Artificial Intelligence Based on Graph Neural Networks

Problem

Medical AI faces ambiguity in liability determination due to fragmented multi-source legal texts and persistent difficulties in tracing algorithmic biases through decision flows.

Journal of Visualized Experiments
Gain

A relation-aware graph convolutional network method for medical AI legal compliance improved cross-modal legal semantic alignment and bias localization, achieving high entity alignment accuracy and root-node recall.

Journal of Visualized Experiments
Machine learning integrated explainable artificial intelligence in predicting toxicities of enfortumab vedotin in urothelial carcinoma: an exploratory study
HealthContested · G 67 / P 69

predicting enfortumab vedotin toxicities in advanced urothelial carcinoma patients using machine learning

Source article: Machine learning integrated explainable artificial intelligence in predicting toxicities of enfortumab vedotin in urothelial carcinoma: an exploratory study

Problem

The predictive models remain exploratory with small event counts and no external validation, so they cannot yet be used clinically to mitigate adverse events from enfortumab vedotin therapy.

Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy
Gain

Machine learning with SHAP interpretability predicted enfortumab vedotin toxicities including grade 3-4 events, diarrhea, and dose skipping in advanced urothelial carcinoma patients using real-world data.

Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy
Can Artificial Intelligence Deliver in Real-World Health Systems? Early Insights From Augmented Intelligence in Medicine and Healthcare Initiative's 5 Funded Projects
HealthContested · G 66 / P 68

integration of AI tools into routine clinical practice across diverse health care settings

Source article: Can Artificial Intelligence Deliver in Real-World Health Systems? Early Insights From Augmented Intelligence in Medicine and Healthcare Initiative's 5 Funded Projects

Problem

Real-world implementation was constrained by EHR integration difficulties, data complexity, regulatory requirements, and variation in clinical workflows.

The Permanente Journal
Gain

AI tools for sepsis, VTE, diabetic retinopathy, cardiac amyloidosis, and pediatric asthma were feasibly deployed into routine clinical practice across diverse health care settings.

The Permanente Journal
Can AI Predict Publication? Multimodal Large Language Models and the Structural Determinants of Surgical Scholarship
ScienceContested · G 68 / P 70

GPT-4.1 predicting publication of AAST surgical abstracts from poster content alone

Source article: Can AI Predict Publication? Multimodal Large Language Models and the Structural Determinants of Surgical Scholarship

Problem

Model performance fell to chance in Critical Care and Outcomes and Systems, Technology, and Process Optimization, where publication depended on institutional factors absent from the poster such as multicenter scaffolding, mentorship, and senior author fluency.

The American Surgeon™
Gain

GPT-4.1 scored poster images alone and predicted which AAST abstracts reached publication with 58.5% overall accuracy, rising to 74.2% in Violence, Societal, and Behavioral and 62.2% in Hemorrhage, Resuscitation, and Vascular Control.

The American Surgeon™
Quality of Online Information for Management of Leg Pain in Children and Adolescents With Hypermobility-Associated Conditions
HealthContested · G 65 / P 64

quality of AI-generated overviews for management of lower limb pain in children with hypermobility-associated conditions

Source article: Quality of Online Information for Management of Leg Pain in Children and Adolescents With Hypermobility-Associated Conditions

Problem

Gemini AI-generated overviews for pediatric hypermobility leg pain scored lowest on completeness and provision of resources and references, requiring users to verify that cited references exist and are relevant.

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
Gain

Gemini AI-generated overviews provided good-quality information for management of lower limb pain in children with hypermobility-associated conditions when retrieved via Google searches.

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
Decoding the Bone-Eye Axis: Machine Learning for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Risk Prediction
HealthContested · G 72 / P 70

use of bone mineral density in machine learning models to predict age-related macular degeneration risk

Source article: Decoding the Bone-Eye Axis: Machine Learning for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Risk Prediction

Problem

The same machine learning finding lacks proven incremental clinical utility, relies on cohorts with differing AMD ascertainment and BMD measurement, and animal retinal changes cannot be read as direct AMD validation.

Cyborg and Bionic Systems
Gain

Across UK Biobank, NHANES, and a Tianjin hospital cohort, machine learning models flagged lower bone mineral density as a recurrent contributor to age-related macular degeneration risk prediction alongside age.

Cyborg and Bionic Systems
Determination of candidate predictors for chiropractic treatment outcome of spinal pain using a machine learning framework for small datasets
HealthContested · G 69 / P 69

predicting 3-month recovery after chiropractic treatment for spinal pain using a small-sample machine learning framework

Source article: Determination of candidate predictors for chiropractic treatment outcome of spinal pain using a machine learning framework for small datasets

Problem

Predictive performance dropped from LOOCV to ensemble CV and the small N=96 phenotypically rich dataset means results remain hypothesis-generating without prospective replication in adequately powered cohorts.

Pain Management
Gain

A three-step ML framework using SHAP and cross-validation achieved high LOOCV AUCs and flagged self-reported factors like treatment expectations and self-efficacy as candidate predictors of recovery at 3 months in spinal pain patients receiving chiropractic care.

Pain Management
Is It Feasible to Assess Clinical Remission in Asthma via a Customized Data Extraction Approach from a Real-World Clinical Electronic Medical Records Database in Japan? A Retrospective Real-World Study
HealthContested · G 68 / P 69

assessing clinical remission in Japanese asthma patients using EMR data extraction including LLM

Source article: Is It Feasible to Assess Clinical Remission in Asthma via a Customized Data Extraction Approach from a Real-World Clinical Electronic Medical Records Database in Japan? A Retrospective Real-World Study

Problem

Routine clinical recording of remission components was sparse, with only a small fraction of eligible patients having ACT, FEV1%, or FeNO data, limiting availability of EMR data for remission assessment and generalizability.

Journal of Asthma
Gain

Researchers were able to extract asthma control and exacerbation data from routine EMRs using SQL and a large language model, suggesting it may be feasible to assess clinical remission in Japanese patients initiating triple therapy.

Journal of Asthma
Retrospective comparison of three commercial artificial intelligence algorithms for detection of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in the emergency radiology department
HealthContested · G 69 / P 71

AI-assisted detection of intracranial hemorrhage on emergency non-contrast head CT

Source article: Retrospective comparison of three commercial artificial intelligence algorithms for detection of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in the emergency radiology department

Problem

Performance across three commercial ICH detection algorithms varied substantially, with only one system showing clinically relevant accuracy, indicating limited independent validation for routine emergency use.

Acta Radiologica
Gain

Combining Aidoc AI with a human radiologist increased sensitivity for intracranial hemorrhage on non-contrast head CT to 96.0% while maintaining 99.4% specificity, detecting cases missed by radiologists alone.

Acta Radiologica