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A review on diffusion tensor imaging-based comprehensive intelligent diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
HealthContested · G 71 / P 71

DTI-based AI diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease across the AD continuum

Source article: A review on diffusion tensor imaging-based comprehensive intelligent diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

Problem

DTI-based AI models for Alzheimer's diagnosis suffer substantial performance degradation in multicenter or external validation, limiting clinical translation.

Reviews in the Neurosciences
Gain

AI models using diffusion tensor imaging to detect white matter changes show potential for early Alzheimer's diagnosis with clinical value.

Reviews in the Neurosciences
Artificial Intelligence Triage of Urgent Versus Non-Urgent CT Brain Findings to Support Expedited Emergency Department Disposition: A Retrospective Validation Study
HealthContested · G 67 / P 65

triage of urgent versus non-urgent non-contrast CT brain findings in emergency department patients using Harrison Enterprise CTB

Source article: Artificial Intelligence Triage of Urgent Versus Non-Urgent CT Brain Findings to Support Expedited Emergency Department Disposition: A Retrospective Validation Study

Problem

The AI model missed 37 scans initially classified as urgent, yielding 85.4% sensitivity, with 13 remaining small or subtle urgent findings after post hoc re-adjudication.

Emergency Medicine Australasia
Gain

Retrospective validation of Harrison Enterprise CTB on 3424 ED scans showed 98.3% NPV for urgent findings, with 64% of encounters identified as true negatives potentially eligible for expedited disposition and no remaining false negatives requiring urgent intervention during the index presentation.

Emergency Medicine Australasia
Artificial intelligence-assisted digital thyroid FNA cytology: Improved agreement and sensitivity for higher-risk Bethesda categories with enhanced screening efficiency
HealthPositive state · G 76 / P 71

AI-assisted digital thyroid FNA cytology for Bethesda risk stratification

Source article: Artificial intelligence-assisted digital thyroid FNA cytology: Improved agreement and sensitivity for higher-risk Bethesda categories with enhanced screening efficiency

Problem

AI assistance reduced specificity because of increased false-positive classifications, particularly among indeterminate thyroid cases.

Cancer Cytopathology
Gain

AIxTHY-assisted digital cytology increased sensitivity for higher-risk Bethesda categories and improved agreement with expert consensus while cutting slide review time.

Cancer Cytopathology
Incremental Propensity Score Interventions: A Primer for Pharmacoepidemiologists
HealthContested · G 70 / P 70

effect of abciximab treatment assignment on 6-month mortality in 996 patients undergoing PCI

Source article: Incremental Propensity Score Interventions: A Primer for Pharmacoepidemiologists

Problem

In highly selective PCI settings, conventional ATE estimation for abciximab suffers from lack of practical positivity, forcing unstable extrapolation and assuming patients with near-certain treatment probability could realistically be assigned to withhold therapy.

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety
Gain

Using a Super Learner ensemble to estimate propensity scores, shifting each patient's odds of receiving abciximab during PCI reduced 6-month mortality, with a strong pro-treatment incremental policy showing significant benefit.

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety
Comparison of the Cox Proportional Hazards Model and Random Survival Forest Algorithm for Predicting Patient-Specific Survival Probabilities in Clinical Trial Data
HealthPositive state · G 74 / P 66

predictive performance of random survival forest versus Cox model for patient-specific survival in RCT time-to-event data

Source article: Comparison of the Cox Proportional Hazards Model and Random Survival Forest Algorithm for Predicting Patient-Specific Survival Probabilities in Clinical Trial Data

Problem

In the same RCT simulations, the standard log-rank splitting rule for random survival forest was outperformed by alternative rules in nonproportional hazards settings, limiting its predictive advantage.

Biometrical Journal
Gain

In simulated RCT time-to-event data, random survival forest retained predictive performance better when treatment-covariate interactions were present than when they were absent.

Biometrical Journal
Evaluation of the detection accuracy of a fully automated AI-based lesion segmentation tool in whole-body FDG PET/CT for lymphoma
HealthPositive state · G 70 / P 63

lesion detection accuracy and quantitative concordance of fully automated AI segmentation versus manual delineation in whole-body FDG PET/CT for lymphoma patients

Source article: Evaluation of the detection accuracy of a fully automated AI-based lesion segmentation tool in whole-body FDG PET/CT for lymphoma

Problem

Automated tool detected fewer lesions than manual expert delineation (711 vs 848) with sensitivity of 82.9%, indicating missed lesions in lymphoma PET/CT.

Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik
Gain

Fully automated AI-based lesion segmentation achieved excellent overlap and high quantitative agreement with expert manual delineation for lymphoma on whole-body FDG PET/CT.

Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik
Cardiovascular Classification in Middle-Aged and Elderly CKD Patients: A Machine Learning Approach in China and the United States
HealthContested · G 68 / P 71

machine learning classification of cardiovascular disease among middle-aged and elderly chronic kidney disease patients

Source article: Cardiovascular Classification in Middle-Aged and Elderly CKD Patients: A Machine Learning Approach in China and the United States

Problem

The same CVD classification models lost discriminative performance when deployed across US and Chinese CKD populations, indicating limited cross-population transportability.

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Gain

Interpretable ML models classified prevalent CVD among middle-aged and elderly CKD patients with test AUCs of 0.753 in the US NHANES cohort using XGBoost and 0.769 in the China CHARLS cohort using logistic regression.

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Deep Learning and Machine Learning Algorithms for Cervical Cancer Segmentation on MRI: A Systematic Review
HealthNegative state · G 68 / P 73

automated cervical cancer segmentation on MRI using ML/DL

Source article: Deep Learning and Machine Learning Algorithms for Cervical Cancer Segmentation on MRI: A Systematic Review

Problem

Current studies show some concerns for bias and low certainty of evidence due to heterogeneity, limited external validation, and variability by target structure and imaging protocol, requiring further multicenter standardized studies before clinical implementation.

Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences
Gain

Deep learning models, especially U-Net variants, achieved Dice scores up to 0.93 for automated segmentation of cervical tumors and related structures on MRI, suggesting improved efficiency and reproducibility over manual segmentation.

Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences
Comparative hydro-climatic forecasting of reservoir storage and cross-scale bathymetric evaluation in Mingde and Shihmen reservoirs
PolicyContested · G 68 / P 69

monthly hydro-climatic machine learning forecasting of effective water storage capacity at Mingde and Shihmen reservoirs in Taiwan

Source article: Comparative hydro-climatic forecasting of reservoir storage and cross-scale bathymetric evaluation in Mingde and Shihmen reservoirs

Problem

Same hydro-climatic models failed to capture multi-year effective capacity loss from sedimentation when benchmarked against bathymetric surveys, producing relative errors up to 292% and systematic bias in droughts.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Gain

Monthly hydro-climatic machine learning models reproduced observed storage variability at two Taiwan reservoirs with high Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency when static capacity curves were assumed.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Artificial Intelligence in Organic Synthesis
ScienceNegative state · G 66 / P 71

AI assistance for end-to-end organic synthesis workflows

Source article: Artificial Intelligence in Organic Synthesis

Problem

Current AI synthesis tools face limits from poor data quality, laboratory variability, underreported negative results, and black-box failure modes that require calibrated reliance and plausibility checks.

The Chemical Record
Gain

AI tools now span molecular design, synthesis planning, catalyst optimization, and product verification to compress candidate spaces and accelerate decision-making in organic synthesis workflows.

The Chemical Record
Normalized risk-based evaluation of machine learning-based classification models: A multiclass approach with applications in medical devices
HealthContested · G 69 / P 72

risk-based evaluation of machine learning multiclass classification models for medical device applications

Source article: Normalized risk-based evaluation of machine learning-based classification models: A multiclass approach with applications in medical devices

Problem

Standard evaluation that counts error frequencies fails to reflect differing clinical severity of error types, leaving regulatory risk requirements incompletely implemented and real-world clinical impact inadequately assessed.

Journal of International Medical Research
Gain

Weighted balanced accuracy (WBAn) provides a regulatory-aligned, risk-based evaluation for multiclass medical AI that weights errors by severity and links development to real-world performance, demonstrated in X-ray lung disease detection.

Journal of International Medical Research
MakeBestMusic Upgrades AI Music Platform With Section-Specific Chorus Regeneration and Stem Isolation Tools
Media & ArtsContested · G 54 / P 54

control over chorus variation and arrangement in AI-generated tracks with repetitive hooks

Source article: MakeBestMusic Upgrades AI Music Platform With Section-Specific Chorus Regeneration and Stem Isolation Tools

Problem

AI-generated tracks exhibit repetitive musical hooks that limit variation and arrangement quality.

The Kingston Whig-Standard
Gain

The AI music platform workflow update gives creators greater control over chorus variation and arrangement in AI-generated tracks.

The Kingston Whig-Standard
Trump announces vague ‘morally binding’ AI deal among tech CEOs for ‘tremendous self-policing’
PolicyContested · G 59 / P 59

the Joint Commitment On Frontier Responsibilities for AI safety testing and oversight

Source article: Trump announces vague ‘morally binding’ AI deal among tech CEOs for ‘tremendous self-policing’

Problem

The voluntary pact carries no enforcement mechanisms or legal implications, involves no government regulators, and lets companies pick their own evaluators and decide whether to publish findings, despite existing internal monitoring having failed to prevent testing failures.

The Guardian
Gain

The Joint Commitment On Frontier Responsibilities outlines four layers of internal safety monitoring and external audits intended to establish safety standards as AI firms test new products through self-policing.

The Guardian
BALANCING CREATIVITY AND TECHNOLOGY: THE USE OF AI IN DESIGN EDUCATION
EducationContested · G 69 / P 69

use of AI design tools by university art and design students in Pakistan and its effect on originality and creative skills

Source article: BALANCING CREATIVITY AND TECHNOLOGY: THE USE OF AI IN DESIGN EDUCATION

Problem

In the same student sample, AI was also perceived as hindering originality, with concerns about over-reliance, declining critical thinking, and reduced authenticity and credibility.

Kashf Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
Gain

Among surveyed university design students in Pakistan, AI design tools were widely adopted for idea generation and were perceived by a large majority as enhancing originality and productivity.

Kashf Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
GenAI in journalism: An ethical analysis of implications, best practices, and challenges
Media & ArtsContested · G 67 / P 66

ethical use of GenAI for automated news production in Spanish journalism

Source article: GenAI in journalism: An ethical analysis of implications, best practices, and challenges

Problem

Use of GenAI for automated news in journalism creates ethical problems including lack of verification of automated news and embedded biases.

Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
Gain

Journalists and AI-ethics leads in Spanish newsrooms identify establishing ethical guidelines and newsroom training as key actions to achieve responsible GenAI use.

Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies