± HEALTH Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a common cause of cancer death and prognostic factors are used to determine manage…+ HEALTH This multicenter study developed and validated an interpretable machine learning model integrating granular n…+ HEALTH Multiple stakeholders need to locate results of registered clinical trials but frequently struggle to find th…+ HEALTH Accurate preoperative glioma grading and molecular subtyping are important for treatment. The vascular microe…+ HEALTH Gastrointestinal endoscopy generates extensive high-resolution video data, posing significant challenges for…+ HEALTH Non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) and invasive encapsulat…+ POLICY Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to strengthen real-world evidence (RWE) for regulatory decisio…± HEALTH Echocardiography remains the cornerstone of cardiovascular imaging. However, traditional workflows including…
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The simple macroeconomics of AI

SUMMARY This paper evaluates claims about the large macroeconomic implications of new advances in Artificial intelligence (AI). It starts from a task-based model of AI’s effects, working through automation and task complementarities. So long as AI’s microeconomic effects are driven by cost savings/productivity improvements at the task level, its macroeconomic consequences will be given by a version of Hulten’s theorem: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and aggregate productivity gains can be estimated by what fractio…

Economic Policy · Business

The simple macroeconomics of AI
The AI risk repository: A meta-review, database, and taxonomy of risks from artificial intelligence
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The AI risk repository: A meta-review, database, and taxonomy of risks from artificial intelligence

The risks posed by artificial intelligence (AI) concern academics, auditors, policymakers, AI companies, and the public. Researchers, policymakers, and technology companies discuss AI risks using inconsistent terminology-the same word may describe different problems, while different words describe identical concerns. This fragmentation impedes coordinated responses to AI challenges. We address this by creating the AI Risk Repository: a living database of 1,725 risks extracted from 74 existing taxonomies and fram…

Business
Musk’s SpaceX courts retail investors as it aims for record-breaking stock market flotation
Evidence-backed gain

Musk’s SpaceX courts retail investors as it aims for record-breaking stock market flotation

SpaceX will kick off the marketing for its highly anticipated stock exchange debut by hosting an event in June for 1,500 retail investors, as executives set out to convince buyers that the aerospace to artificial intelligence group should be valued at $2tn. In an unusual move, the company has earmarked a large portion of its shares – potentially up to 30% – for non-professional, non-institutional investors, banking on the popularity of its chief executive, Elon Musk, to help it raise $75bn (about £56bn) in what…

Business
‘Not up for grabs’: Albanese establishes AI office and vows to protect Australian creatives from copyright ‘theft’
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‘Not up for grabs’: Albanese establishes AI office and vows to protect Australian creatives from copyright ‘theft’

Anthony Albanese has promised “the strongest possible protection” for Australian creatives against misuse of their work by artificial intelligence models, warning it would be “theft” if writers, artists and musicians didn’t have control of their work or receive payment for its use. Amid growing community concern about large energy-intensive datacentres, the federal government will also set strict new rules for the facilities, including where they can be built, that they shouldn’t compete for land with housing, t…

Business
‘It’s a scam’: Americans express unease over SpaceX’s influence on retirement savings
Evidence-backed problem

‘It’s a scam’: Americans express unease over SpaceX’s influence on retirement savings

Elon Musk became the world’s first trillionaire last week after SpaceX debuted on the stock market with a valuation of $1.77tn. Millions of Americans could soon become indirect investors in SpaceX and other emerging AI-focused companies as US markets increasingly shift toward AI-driven investments. Many Americans’ retirement savings are heavily tied to the US stock market through private 401(k) retirement savings plans. Those plans are heavily invested in index funds that track the major stock market indices. So…

Business
Digitalization, AI Adoption, and MSME Productivity: An Ibn Khaldunian Perspective
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Digitalization, AI Adoption, and MSME Productivity: An Ibn Khaldunian Perspective

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia face persistent challenges in improving labor productivity amid rapid digital transformation and the expansion of artificial intelligence (AI). Although digitalization has increased substantially, its productivity effects remain uneven across provinces and are influenced by institutional, cultural, and religious contexts. Grounded in Ibn Khaldun’s concepts of asabiyyah and tadbir al-‘umran, this study examines the relationship between digitalization, AI a…

Business
Artificial intelligence and economic growth in G20 economies: investigating nonlinear effects through a GMM method
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Artificial intelligence and economic growth in G20 economies: investigating nonlinear effects through a GMM method

This study investigates the non-linear impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on economic growth in 19 G20 countries, using data from 2005 to 2023 and employing the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) with both linear and quadratic models. The linear model indicates that AI-related innovation has a positive and significant effect on economic growth, while the negative quadratic term confirms a concave relationship between AI and growth. Regarding the effects of AI interactions with various mechanisms on economic…

Business

Elon Musk merges SpaceX with xAI at $1.25tn valuation

Elon Musk’s aerospace company SpaceX has acquired his artificial intelligence business xAI, in a $1.25tn (£910bn) merger that consolidates part of Musk’s empire as SpaceX prepares to go public later this year. The two companies announced the deal on Monday in a statement on SpaceX’s website, saying the merger would form “the most ambitious, vertically-integrated innovation engine on (and off) Earth, with AI, rockets, space-based internet, direct-to-mobile device communications and the world’s foremost real-time…

Business
Elon Musk merges SpaceX with xAI at $1.25tn valuation

KPMG partner fined for using artificial intelligence to cheat in AI training test

A partner at the consultancy KPMG has been fined for using artificial intelligence to cheat during an internal training course on AI. The unnamed partner was fined A$10,000 (£5,200) for using the technology to cheat, one of a number of staff reportedly using the tactic. More than two dozen KPMG Australia staff have been caught using AI tools to cheat on internal exams since July, the company said, increasing concerns over AI-fuelled cheating in accountancy firms. The consultancy used its own AI detection tools t…

Business
KPMG partner fined for using artificial intelligence to cheat in AI training test

Governing Enterprise AI Investments: A Decision-Centric Portfolio Framework

Despite enterprises continuing to invest heavily in AI, many initiatives fail to scale or generate sustained business value. Terming this the AI-investment paradox, we argue that it persists because firms govern AI as a broad technology program rather than as a set of discrete, investable decision opportunities embedded within workflows. We address this issue by developing a decision-centric portfolio framework for governing enterprise AI investments. Our framework introduces AI-Investable Process Nodes (AIPNs)…

Business
Governing Enterprise AI Investments: A Decision-Centric Portfolio Framework

After SpaceX’s huge IPO, Americans’ financial future will be bound to AI

Americans are growing worried about what artificial intelligence portends for their futures. Eight in 10 Americans report concern over AI, compared with a third who report being excited, according to a recent Quinnipiac poll. More than half think it will do more harm than good in their daily lives. Seven out of 10 think it will reduce the number of available jobs. Skeptical though they may be, they are about to get more AI rammed down their throats and stuck into their pension plans and their investment portfoli…

Business
After SpaceX’s huge IPO, Americans’ financial future will be bound to AI

Accenture dubs 800,000 staff ‘reinventors’ amid shift to AI

Accenture has reportedly begun calling its near 800,000 employees “reinventors”, as the consultancy tries to position itself as a leader in artificial intelligence. The consultancy’s chief executive, Julie Sweet, has already started referring to staff by the new label and the business is now pushing for the term to be used more widely. The “reinventor” label came from a reorganisation across Accenture in June, which merged its strategy, consulting, creative, technology and operations divisions into a single unit…

Business
Accenture dubs 800,000 staff ‘reinventors’ amid shift to AI