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Both readings

Decent deepfakes? Professional deepfake developers’ ethical considerations and their governance potential

Abstract Policymakers and societies are grappling with the question of how to respond to deepfakes, i.e., synthetic audio-visual media which is proliferating in all areas of digital life– from politics to pornography. However, debates and research on deepfakes’ impact and governance largely neglect the technology’s sources, namely the developers of the underlying artificial intelligence (AI), and those who provide code or deepfake creation services to others, making the technology widely accessible. These actors…

AI and Ethics · Policy

Decent deepfakes? Professional deepfake developers’ ethical considerations and their governance potential

Evidence-backed gain

Applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in managing food quality and ensuring global food security

The food industry uses artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance food quality and security while proposing significant capital savings and resource optimization. Additionally, understanding machine learning (ML) techniques is essential for their effectiveness. Therefore, the gap lies in examining how industrial automation plays a crucial role in successfully implementing this new technology. To address this gap, this review explores AI’s potential to significantly enhance food safety by creating a more transparent…

Lifestyle

Evidence-backed problem

Assessing AI adoption in developing country academia: A trust and privacy-augmented UTAUT framework

The rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its widespread adoption have given rise to a critical need for understanding the underlying factors that shape users' behavioral intentions. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to explain user perceived behavioral intentions and use behavior of AI technologies for academic purposes in a developing country. This study has adopted the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model and extended it with two dimensions: trust and pri…

Education

Evidence-backed gain

Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Planning and Operation of Distributed Energy Systems in Smart Grids

This review paper thoroughly explores the impact of artificial intelligence on the planning and operation of distributed energy systems in smart grids. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence techniques such as machine learning, optimization, and cognitive computing, new opportunities are emerging to enhance the efficiency and reliability of electrical grids. From demand and generation prediction to energy flow optimization and load management, artificial intelligence is playing a pivotal role in t…

Climate

Both readings

Generative artificial intelligence and ethical considerations in health care: a scoping review and ethics checklist

The widespread use of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (known as ChatGPT) and other emerging technology that is powered by generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has drawn attention to the potential ethical issues they can cause, especially in high-stakes applications such as health care, but ethical discussions have not yet been translated into operationalisable solutions. Furthermore, ongoing ethical discussions often neglect other types of GenAI that have been used to synthesise data (eg, images) f…

Science

Both readings

The EU Artificial Intelligence Act (2024): Implications for healthcare

• The EU Artificial Intelligence Act entered into force in August 2024. • The Artificial Intelligence Act stipulates new rules for the healthcare sector. • This paper highlights the new obligations of technology developers and health professionals. • The Artificial Intelligence Act insufficiently addresses the interests of patients. • Sector-specific guidelines are necessary in the healthcare sector. In August 2024, the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) entered into force. This legally binding instrument s…

Health

Both readings

The promise and challenges of generative AI in education

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools, such as large language models (LLMs), generate natural language and other types of content to perform a wide range of tasks. This represents a significant technological advancement that poses opportunities and challenges to educational research and practice. This commentary brings together contributions from nine experts working in the intersection of learning and technology and presents critical reflections on the opportunities, challenges, and implications rela…

Education

Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Intelligent Assistant for Personalized and Adaptive Learning in Higher Education

This paper presents a novel framework, artificial intelligence-enabled intelligent assistant (AIIA), for personalized and adaptive learning in higher education. The AIIA system leverages advanced AI and natural language processing (NLP) techniques to create an interactive and engaging learning platform. This platform is engineered to reduce cognitive load on learners by providing easy access to information, facilitating knowledge assessment, and delivering personalized learning support tailored to individual nee…

Education

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Development and Characterization of Nanomedicine

Abstract Nanomedicine has enabled major advances in targeted therapeutics by improving drug bioavailability, precision delivery, and safety profiles. However, the rational design and reproducible synthesis of nanoparticles with tightly controlled physicochemical attributes such as size, morphology, and surface characteristics remain significant challenges due to the complex, nonlinear interplay of formulation and process parameters. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have emerged as powerful…

Health

A framework for human evaluation of large language models in healthcare derived from literature review

With generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), particularly large language models (LLMs), continuing to make inroads in healthcare, assessing LLMs with human evaluations is essential to assuring safety and effectiveness. This study reviews existing literature on human evaluation methodologies for LLMs in healthcare across various medical specialties and addresses factors such as evaluation dimensions, sample types and sizes, selection, and recruitment of evaluators, frameworks and metrics, evaluation process,…

Health

Bridging the gap: Towards an expanded toolkit for AI-driven decision-making in the public sector

AI-driven decision-making systems are becoming instrumental in the public sector, with applications spanning areas like criminal justice, social welfare, financial fraud detection, and public health. While these systems offer great potential benefits to institutional decision-making processes, such as improved efficiency and reliability, these systems face the challenge of aligning machine learning (ML) models with the complex realities of public sector decision-making. In this paper, we examine five key challen…

Policy

“It happened to be the perfect thing”: experiences of generative AI chatbots for mental health

The global mental health crisis underscores the need for accessible, effective interventions. Chatbots based on generative artificial intelligence (AI), like ChatGPT, are emerging as novel solutions, but research on real-life usage is limited. We interviewed nineteen individuals about their experiences using generative AI chatbots for mental health. Participants reported high engagement and positive impacts, including better relationships and healing from trauma and loss. We developed four themes: (1) a sense of…

Health

Experimental narratives: A comparison of human crowdsourced storytelling and AI storytelling

Abstract The paper proposes a framework that combines behavioral and computational experiments employing fictional prompts as a novel tool for investigating cultural artifacts and social biases in storytelling both by humans and generative AI. The study analyzes 250 stories authored by crowdworkers in June 2019 and 80 stories generated by GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 in March 2023 by merging methods from narratology and inferential statistics. Both crowdworkers and large language models responded to identical prompts about…

Science

Ethical examination of AI coaches: privacy, bias, and responsibility

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into sports, particularly through AI-driven coaching systems, marks a transformative advancement with the potential to revolutionize personalized training. AI coaches can create customized, data-driven training programs designed to optimize athletic performance. However, this technological progress also brings with it significant ethical concerns, including privacy violations, data biases, and ambiguous responsibility in cases of failure or misuse. These risks exte…

Sports

AI and work in the creative industries: digital continuity or discontinuity?

There is current uncertainty about the effects of generative AI technologies on labour markets and conditions of work in creative industries. Previous scholarship identifies the potential for both replacement and displacement of human labour due to AI adoption. This article examines potential effects of AI adoption by drawing on case studies of 6 commercial products using AI, investigating conditions of work and mechanisms by which human creative labour might be replaced or displaced by AI technology. The main f…

Labor