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TRUVACE RECORD VERSION
record: TRV-2026-0717
version: 1
kind: certified
reason: Certified into the record
timestamp: 2026-08-09T06:35:58.781264Z
status: published
lens: trace
sector: health
headline: Patient Harm From Orthodontic Care (Part II): Incident Analysis of Contributory Factors and Perceived Avoidability of Harm
dek: Background Patient safety, defined as the absence of avoidable harm, in orthodontics is still in its early stages of development. Knowledge on the subject is limited. Aim (1) To conduct an incident analysis, (2) to measure avoidability, (3) to investigate the relationship between contributory factors and perceived avoidability of harm from orthodontic care, and (4) to suggest methods to mitigate potential patient harm incidents. Materials and methods Data were retrospectively collected from consecutively filed o…
gain_title: Researchers applied a large language model to analyze 125 compensated orthodontic cases and identified that most harms were multifactorial and largely avoidable, creating a foundation for future safety initiatives.
problem_title: Analysis of 125 compensated orthodontic cases found the majority of patient harms were avoidable and driven by multiple interacting human factors such as monitoring and clinical knowledge and organizational factors such as protocols and workplace culture.
trace_subject: avoidability and contributory factors of compensated orthodontic patient harm analyzed with LLM-assisted methods
gain_reading: Researchers applied a large language model to analyze 125 compensated orthodontic cases and identified that most harms were multifactorial and largely avoidable, creating a foundation for future safety initiatives.
gain_evidence: A large language model was used to identify and interpret the interplay between the contributory factors
problem_reading: Analysis of 125 compensated orthodontic cases found the majority of patient harms were avoidable and driven by multiple interacting human factors such as monitoring and clinical knowledge and organizational factors such as protocols and workplace culture.
problem_evidence: most frequent root causes were human related factors (monitoring, verification and clinical knowledge among others) followed by organizational factors (management priorities, protocols and workplace culture) | The majority of claims (70.1%, n = 82) were avoidable harm | most harms were multifactorial in nature, with human and organizational contributors playing the primary role
quick_read: Researchers retrospectively reviewed 125 orthodontic claims approved for compensation by the Danish Dental Compensation Association from September 2019 to August 2024. They applied Eindhoven incident analysis and AI-assisted qualitative analysis using a large language model to identify root causes and rate perceived avoidability on a 6-point scale.

The finding that 70.1% of compensated harms were deemed avoidable and multifactorial matters because it shifts orthodontic safety from isolated clinical errors to systemic human and organizational failures. It remains uncertain whether patterns from approved Danish compensation claims generalize to unreported harms or to other health systems and whether LLM-identified interrelationships would replicate with other analytic methods.
limitation: Findings are limited to approved-for-compensation claims filed with the Danish Dental Compensation Association between September 2019 and August 2024, not all orthodontic adverse events, and reflect a single national compensation system.
tag: Dual reading
key_points: 125 approved-for-compensation orthodontic claims from September 2019 to August 2024 were retrospectively reviewed | Incident analysis used Eindhoven criteria combined with AI-assisted qualitative analysis | Most frequent root causes were human related factors followed by organizational factors | 70.1% of cases were rated as probably avoidable, high certainty of avoidability, or completely avoidable
rundown: The study collected consecutive orthodontic-related claims from the Danish Dental Compensation Association and restricted inclusion to claims approved for compensation between September 2019 and August 2024, totaling 125 cases.

Each claim was coded for reason for filing, harm category, and harm-causing events, then analyzed using Eindhoven criteria and a large language model to interpret interplay between contributory factors.

Perceived avoidability was scored on a 6-point rating system, with low-avoidability events showing few contributory factors and high-avoidability events showing numerous human and organizational failures.
sources:
- peer_reviewed | Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research | https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70172 | 2026-08-07
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