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Redefining creativity in AI era: Bloom's taxonomy framework and peer interaction elevate higher-order thinking skills

Artificial intelligence is transforming cognitive learning by reshaping pedagogical models and raising questions about its impact on higher-order thinking. AI-driven personalized learning improves knowledge acquisition, but its effect on creativity remains largely unexplored. Most research emphasizes content delivery over cognitive engagement, which leaves gaps in understanding how AI influences deeper learning processes. This study investigates how ChatGPT-enabled personalized learning, framed through Bloom's T…

By the Truvace desk1 min read1 sourcePeer-reviewedTRV-2026-1387· cite & verify
Redefining creativity in AI era: Bloom's taxonomy framework and peer interaction elevate higher-order thinking skills
"Wendt WisCEL: students collaborating" by college.library is licensed under CC BY 2.0. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/.

In brief

Researchers surveyed 533 students in Indonesian higher education and analyzed the data with structural equation modeling. They examined how ChatGPT-enabled personalized learning, organized around Bloom's Taxonomy, relates to creative thinking, and whether peer interaction changes that relationship.

The results suggest that the way AI is used to engage students' thinking matters for creativity, not just content delivery. Peer collaboration appears to help mainly in creation tasks. The paper itself says the AI-creativity link had been largely unexplored, so this is an early contribution.

Main points

  1. The sample was 533 students in Indonesian higher education, analyzed using SEM in Smart-PLS 4.1.
  2. Personalized learning strengthened remembering, understanding and applying as well as analyzing, evaluating and creating.
  3. Analyzing and creating had the strongest impact on creative thinking.
  4. Peer interaction significantly enhanced creativity in creation tasks but had limited effect on other cognitive functions.

The gain

In a survey of 533 Indonesian students, ChatGPT-enabled personalized learning strengthened both lower- and higher-order cognitive skills, with analyzing and creating most strongly tied to creative thinking.

The rundown

The study frames ChatGPT-enabled personalized learning through Bloom's Taxonomy, covering lower-order skills (remembering, understanding, applying) and higher-order skills (analyzing, evaluating, creating). It tests how each level connects to creative thinking.

Peer interaction was treated as a moderating factor. Its moderating effect was selective: significant for creation-related tasks and limited for the other cognitive functions.

The authors present a dynamic framework combining personalized learning, Bloom's Taxonomy and peer collaboration. They argue that most prior research emphasizes content delivery over cognitive engagement, leaving gaps in understanding deeper learning processes.

Sources

  1. Peer-reviewedPLOS One2026-10-14

The debate