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THE EFFECTS OF CHATBOTS-BASED INTERVENTIONS ON FOREIGN LANGUAGE SPEAKING PERFORMANCE: A META-ANALYSIS STUDY
- Truvace record
- TRV-2026-2747raw data (JSON)
- Version
- v1Published
- First published
- Evidence type
- Systematic review or meta-analysis
- Sources
- 1 sourcePeer-reviewed
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- 8b7db970879e…check it
The aim of this study is to examine the effect of chatbot-based interventions on foreign language speaking performance through a meta-analysis. Studies investigating the effects of chatbots on speaking performance were retrieved from various databases (e.g., ERIC, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis) using a range of keyword phrases. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, this meta-analysis included 16 experimental studies (k = 17) that implemented chatbot-based interventions to enhance learners’ foreign la…
The gain
A meta-analysis of 16 experimental studies (17 effect sizes) found chatbot-based practice raised foreign-language speaking performance over control groups, with a pooled Hedges' g of 1.035 (95% CI 0.632 to 1.439), a large effect.
What this doesn’t fix
Heterogeneity across the studies was very high (I² = 91.89), the pooled effect was driven partly by an outlier, and the funnel plot showed asymmetry suggesting possible publication bias; only three high school studies were included.
Sources
1 on file- Turkish Online Journal of Distance Educationdoi:10.17718/tojde.1796214
Cite this record
v1Truvace Impact Record TRV-2026-2747, v1: “THE EFFECTS OF CHATBOTS-BASED INTERVENTIONS ON FOREIGN LANGUAGE SPEAKING PERFORMANCE: A META-ANALYSIS STUDY.” Truvace, 2026-11-12. /record/TRV-2026-2747 (accessed on the day you copy it). sha256 8b7db970879e79f6…
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