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TRUVACE RECORD VERSION
record: TRV-2026-2703
version: 1
kind: certified
reason: Certified into the record
timestamp: 2026-11-12T17:11:54.065927Z
status: published
lens: p_space
sector: labor
headline: The indirect effect of artificial intelligence awareness on counterproductive work behavior: A meta-analytic study
dek: BackgroundAs artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly integrated into the workplace, an important question concerns how employees respond when technological change is perceived as threatening rather than beneficial. Prior studies have examined several mechanisms linking AI awareness to employee attitudes and behaviors, but these mechanisms are often studied separately, limiting understanding of the broader psychological process underlying adverse employee reactions.ObjectiveThis study examines the media…
gain_title: (none)
problem_title: A meta-analysis of 45 studies with 16,140 participants found that greater awareness of AI at work was positively linked to job insecurity and counterproductive work behavior, including a substantial direct effect on that behavior.
trace_subject: (none)
gain_reading: (none)
gain_evidence: (none)
problem_reading: A meta-analysis of 45 studies with 16,140 participants found that greater awareness of AI at work was positively linked to job insecurity and counterproductive work behavior, including a substantial direct effect on that behavior.
problem_evidence: AI awareness was positively associated with job insecurity and CWB | alongside a substantial direct effect of AI awareness on CWB
quick_read: A meta-analysis pooled 45 independent studies covering 16,140 participants to test how awareness of AI in the workplace relates to counterproductive work behavior. AI awareness was positively associated with both job insecurity and counterproductive behavior.

The researchers tested a sequence in which AI awareness raises job insecurity, which fuels a sense that the employer has broken its promises (psychological contract breach), which in turn is linked to counterproductive behavior. That sequential path was significant but modest.

A substantial direct effect of AI awareness on counterproductive behavior remained after accounting for that path. The authors conclude that other psychological and organizational mechanisms probably shape how employees react to AI-related change.
limitation: The sequential path through job insecurity and psychological contract breach was only modest, and a substantial direct effect remained, so the mediators explain only part of the link.
tag: Evidence-backed problem
key_points: The analysis pooled 45 independent studies with 16,140 participants using meta-analytic structural equation modeling. | AI awareness was positively associated with job insecurity and with counterproductive work behavior. | Job insecurity was positively associated with psychological contract breach, which was positively associated with counterproductive work behavior. | The sequential indirect effect through job insecurity and contract breach was significant but modest. | A substantial direct effect of AI awareness on counterproductive behavior remained, pointing to other mechanisms.
rundown: The study addresses how employees respond when technological change is seen as threatening rather than beneficial. Earlier research examined mechanisms linking AI awareness to employee attitudes and behavior, but mostly one at a time.

Using a pooled true-score correlation matrix, the authors tested job insecurity and psychological contract breach together as sequential mediators between AI awareness and counterproductive work behavior.

The results show the sequential pathway is real but relatively small, while the direct association is large. The authors say this implies additional psychological and organizational factors contribute to negative responses to workplace AI change.
sources:
- peer_reviewed | WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation | https://doi.org/10.1177/10519815261492674 | 2026-10-12
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