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TRUVACE RECORD VERSION
record: TRV-2026-2547
version: 1
kind: certified
reason: Certified into the record
timestamp: 2026-11-12T07:51:57.898303Z
status: published
lens: p_space
sector: labor
headline: When AI supervises humans: how AI management triggers self-objectification and undermines proactive behavior
dek: Purpose The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into daily operations and management has become increasingly prevalent within the hospitality industry. However, the impact of transitioning managerial roles from humans to AI on hotel employees’ cognition and work behavior remains an unresolved issue. This paper aims to examine the relationship between AI management and proactive work behavior by identifying self-objectification as a mediator and AI identity as a moderator. Design/methodology/approach This…
gain_title: (none)
problem_title: In two scenario experiments with 328 hotel employees, those managed by AI were only half as likely to engage in proactive work behavior as those managed by humans.
trace_subject: (none)
gain_reading: (none)
gain_evidence: (none)
problem_reading: In two scenario experiments with 328 hotel employees, those managed by AI were only half as likely to engage in proactive work behavior as those managed by humans.
problem_evidence: employees managed by AI are only half as likely to engage in proactive work behavior as those managed by humans
quick_read: Two scenario-based experiments with 328 hotel employees compared AI management with human management. Employees under AI management showed more self-objectification, meaning they were more prone to seeing themselves as objects. Logistic regression showed they were only half as likely to engage in proactive work behavior as those managed by humans.

The result matters for hotels moving managerial tasks from people to AI. The study treats self-objectification as the mechanism linking AI supervision to less initiative, which suggests the effect runs through how workers see themselves rather than through task design alone.

Employees with a strong AI identity were less susceptible to self-objectification. The authors recommend AI identity training and employee development programs, though the evidence comes from hypothetical scenarios rather than workplaces that actually use AI managers.
limitation: The findings come from two scenario-based experiments rather than observation of hotel employees working under real AI managers.
tag: Evidence-backed problem
key_points: The research combined two scenario-based experiments involving 328 hotel employees in total. | Study 1 found AI management, compared with human management, positively predicted self-objectification among employees. | Employees with a strong AI identity were less susceptible to self-objectification under AI management. | Study 2 corroborated Study 1 and found self-objectification mediated the link between AI management and proactive work behavior. | Logistic regression showed employees managed by AI were only half as likely to engage in proactive work behavior as those managed by humans. | The authors recommend that hotels run AI identity training and employee development programs.
rundown: The study addresses the hospitality industry, where AI is increasingly used in daily operations and management. The authors say the effect of shifting managerial roles from humans to AI on hotel employees' cognition and work behavior had been unresolved. They used self-determination theory to frame the question.

Study 1 found that AI management, compared with human management, positively predicted self-objectification. AI identity moderated this effect: employees with a strong AI identity were less susceptible to self-objectification.

Study 2 replicated the Study 1 findings and showed self-objectification mediating the relationship between AI management and proactive work behavior. Logistic regression put the effect at half the likelihood of proactive behavior for employees managed by AI. The authors say hotels should build environments where employees feel empowered and valued, using AI identity training and development programs.
sources:
- peer_reviewed | International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management | https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-11-2025-1679 | 2026-07-28
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