aceA focused PubMed artificial intelligence search program creates better literature reviews than general purpose artificial intelligence and is comparable to trainees in shoulder and elbow surgery
Background: As the use of artificial intelligence (AI) expands into orthopedic surgery, the potential to use AI for review and summation of literature leaves researchers and clinicians questioning the quality of AI-driven literature reviews. This study aims to compare AI-generated literature reviews to those done by orthopedic surgery trainees. Methods: ChatGPT-4o and The-Literature, a directed AI platform, were asked to produce a literature review on 5 shoulder and elbow-related research topics. The primary out…
A directed AI search platform produced shoulder and elbow literature reviews rated comparably to orthopedic trainees and better than a general-purpose chatbot.
A general-purpose large language model produced weaker reviews, with most of its cited references fabricated.
The comparison rests on five topics, a small number of human reviewers, and two graders, and tested ChatGPT-4 rather than other models, which limits generalization.
Evidence
- Peer-reviewedJSES International2026-09-04
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Truvace Impact Record TRV-2026-1830, v1: “A focused PubMed artificial intelligence search program creates better literature reviews than general purpose artificial intelligence and is comparable to trainees in shoulder and elbow surgery.” Truvace, 2026-10-18. /record/TRV-2026-1830 (accessed at citation time). sha256 04cb82f48f171c60…
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